Beamforming can be done with smart antennae that physically move to track a device, or by modulating the amplitude and phase of the signals so that they destructively interfere with each other, leaving just a narrow, interference-free beam. This can increase overall throughput and make it more consistent, as well as reduce power consumption. Beamforming transmits radio signals in such a way that they’re directed at a specific device. 802.11ac also introduces standardized beamforming (802.11n had it, but it wasn’t standardized, which made interoperability an issue).
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